Java Edition protocol/VarInt and VarLong

int readVarInt() {
    int value = 0;

    for (int position = 0; position < 32; position += 7) {
        byte currentByte = readByte();

        // Note: In C this must be performed on an unsigned type to avoid undefined overflow
        // behavior with negative VarInts.
        value |= (int)(currentByte & 0x7F) << position;

        if ((currentByte & 0x80) == 0)
            return value;
    }

    error("VarInt too big");
}

void writeVarInt(int value) {
    while ((value & ~0x7F) != 0) {
        writeByte((value & 0x7F) | 0x80);

        // Note: >>> means that the leftmost bits are filled with zeroes regardless of the sign,
        // rather than being filled with copies of the sign bit to preserve the sign.
        // In languages that don't have a ">>>" operator, This behavior can often be selected by
        // performing the shift on an unsigned type.
        value >>>= 7;
    }

    writeByte(value);
}