Arrow/Sounds

Java Edition:
In Java Edition, arrows use the Friendly Creatures sound category for entity-dependent sound events.

Sounds
Sound	Closed captions	Source	Description	Identifier	Translation key	Volume	Pitch	Attenuation distance
	Arrow hits	Friendly Mobs	When an arrow impacts something	`entity.arrow.hit`	`subtitles.entity.arrow.hit`	1.0	¹²⁄₁₁ - ⁴⁄₃	16
	Player hit	Players	When an arrow shot by a player hits another player	`entity.arrow.hit_player`	`subtitles.entity.arrow.hit_player`	1.0	1.0	16
	Arrow fired	Players	When an arrow is fired by a player	`entity.arrow.shoot`	`subtitles.entity.arrow.shoot`	1.0	Around 1.2^{[sound 1]}	16
	Skeleton shoots	Hostile Mobs	When a skeleton shoots an arrow	`entity.skeleton.shoot`	`subtitles.entity.skeleton.shoot`	1.0	⁵⁄₆ - 1.25	16
	Dispensed item	Blocks	When a dispenser shoots an arrow	`block.dispenser.launch`	`subtitles.block.dispenser.dispense`	1.0	1.2	16
	Crossbow fires	Entity-Dependent	When a crossbow shoots an arrow	`item.crossbow.shoot`	`subtitles.item.crossbow.shoot`	0.8 / 0.9	0.9 / 1.0	16

↑ Depends on how long the bow is charged for, around 1.2 with a fully charged bow. The exact formula is $\frac{1}{randomFloat() \times 4 + 1.2} + \frac{progress}{2}$

Sounds
Sound	Closed captions	Source	Description	Identifier	Translation key	Volume	Pitch
	Arrow hits	Players	When an arrow impacts something	`random.bowhit`	`subtitles.entity.arrow.hit`	1.0	1.09–1.3
	Arrow fired	Players	When something shoots an arrow	`random.bow`	`subtitles.entity.arrow.shoot`	1.0	0.83–1.25
	Crossbow fires	Players	When a crossbow shoots an arrow	`crossbow.shoot`	`subtitles.item.crossbow.shoot`	1.0	1.0

Sources